Heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Among heart failure patients, 50% observed to have reduced ejection fraction while the other half had preserved ejection fraction. Preserved ejection fraction (HF/pEF) is understood as an indication of heart failure where the ejection fraction is greater than 50%.
Characteristics of preserved ejection fraction
- Decreased left ventricular compliance
- Increased left ventricular pressure
- Increased left atrial size
- Possible risks of
- Congestive heart failure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Pulmonary hypertension
Causes and risk factors
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Sleep apnea
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