Heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Among heart failure patients, 50% observed to have reduced ejection fraction while the other half had preserved ejection fraction. Preserved ejection fraction (HF/pEF) is understood as an indication of heart failure where the ejection fraction is greater than 50%.

Characteristics of preserved ejection fraction

• Decreased left ventricular compliance
• Increased left ventricular pressure
• Increased left atrial size
• Possible risks of
• Congestive heart failure
• Atrial fibrillation
• Pulmonary hypertension

Causes and risk factors

• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Sleep apnea